2: Typical radiation pattern of microstrip antenna 1: Physical geometry of microstrip antenna Fig.
#Microstrip antenna theory and appliction s. s. zhang Patch#
Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate (FR4) that has a ground plane (Cu) on the other side as shown in Fig. Microstrip antennae are very simple in construction using a conventional microstrip fabrication technique. It plays a very significant role in today’s world of wireless communication systems. Microstrip antenna is one of the most popular types of printed antenna. Microstrip antenna: the most common printed antenna Lens antennae are classified according to the material from which they are constructed or their geometrical shapes. By choosing the appropriate material and setting the geometrical configuration of lenses, they can transform various forms of divergent energy into plane waves. In these antennae, lenses are used to collimate the incident divergent energy to prevent it from spreading in undesired directions. The reflector antenna usually uses a smaller antenna as the feed. They are built with large diameters in order to achieve the high gain required to transmit or receive signals over very long distances. These antennae are specifically used in applications requiring communication over long distances, such as outer space exploration and satellite communication. In practice, individual radiators are arranged in linear or planar grid depending on the application. The arrangement of array elements is such that radiation from individual elements adds up to give the maximum radiation in a particular direction or directions, and minimum radiation in other directions. In an array antenna, several radiators separated from each other are geometrically arranged to give desired radiation characteristics that are not possible to achieve with a single independent radiating element. These antennae can be easily mounted on the surface of aircrafts, spacecrafts, satellites, missiles and even on handheld mobile devices. Printed antennae are inexpensive to fabricate using modern printed circuit technology, and are conformal to planar and non-planar surfaces. These antennae are more popular because of their low cost and ease of fabrication, and easy integration with circuit components. The shape and size of patch determine the frequency of operation of the antenna and its performance. The most common version of printed antenna is microstrip antenna, which consists of a metallic patch above a ground plane.
Printed antennaeīy definition, a printed antenna is one that is fabricated using standard photolithography technique. In practice, these antennae are covered with a dielectric material to protect them from hazardous environmental conditions. These antennae are very useful for aircraft and spacecraft applications, because they can be conveniently flush mounted on the surface of the aircraft or spacecraft. Typical examples are slotted waveguide antennae and horn antennae. These antennae are in the form of a slot or aperture in a metal plate and commonly used at higher frequencies (3-30 GHz).
These antennae are made into different shapes such as a straight wire (dipole), loop and helix. This is the basic type of an antenna, widely used on top of the buildings, automobiles, ships and spacecrafts.
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